Cytomorphological Spectrum, Prevalence and Awareness of Abnormal Cervical Smears in Sokoto State Metropolis, Nigeria
M. O. Mohammed *
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
U. L. Airauhi
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria.
A. Z. Mohammed
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Science, Bayero University Kano. Nigeria.
A. Salihu
Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
U. Abubakar *
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
A. Umar
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is an important global health problem and, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The distribution of cervical cancer differs across the world, with more than 85% of deaths occurring in developing regions. The incidence of cervical cancer in developing countries is approximately four to six times that of developed countries. Over 90% of the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer occur in sub-Saharan Africa. This high incidence is also related to the limited screening techniques and strategies used.
Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the cytomorphological spectrum, prevalence and awareness of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was utilized and a convenience sampling technique was employed to enlist female participants aged between 15 and 98 years old. The total sample size was determined to be162 samples. The state was home to a variety of ethnic groups, including Hausa/Fulani, Gobirawa, Zabarmawa, Kabawa, Arawa, Nupe, Yoruba, IBO's, and others
Results: Out of 162 cervical smears screened, 128 (79.0%) were found to be normal, 24 (14.8%) were abnormal, 7 (4.3%) were inadequate, and 3 (1.9%) were classified as acellular cervical smears. The awareness level of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis was found to be 77.9%.
Conclusion: The study established a low prevalence(14.8%) and high level of awareness (77.9%) of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis..
Keywords: Cytomorphological spectrum, awareness and abnormal cervical smears