Effect of Rosemary Leaf Ethanol Extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on Arginase-1 and Tumor Suppressor P53 Expression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Wistar Strain Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Induced By p-Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMBA)
Dewa Ayu Made Adnyaswari *
Master's Study Program in Biomedical Sciences, Concentration in Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Agung Wiwiek Indrayani
Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
I Gusti Ayu Artini
Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Desak Ketut Ernawati
Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
I Gusti Made Gede Surya Candra Trapika
Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Ni Putu Sriwidyani
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, 80234, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: Tumor Suppressor p53 is a frequent research target to further understand the mechanisms of cancer development and the pathogenesis of cancer. Arginase-1 may also be a potential prognosis predictor for HCC patients, and also be a new target for HCC treatment. This research aims to scientifically test whether the administration of ethanol extract from Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) inhibits the increase in Arginase-1 and inhibits the increase in Tumor Suppressor p53 from Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats (Rattus norvegicus L) Male Wistar induced by p -Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA).
Study Design: This study used an in vivo laboratory test method. This study employed true experimental laboratories to evaluate the effects of rosemary leaf extract.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapy and Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, between December 2023 to July 2024.
Methodology: Wistar rats were induced with p-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA) and treated with varying doses of ethanol extract from rosemary leaves (200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW). A control group was included, and the experiment was replicated five times. Hepatocellular carcinoma in liver tissue samples was evaluated through immunohistochemistry for Arginase-1 and Tumor Suppressor p53 expression. Interpretation of immunoreactivity was based on Histochemical scoring (H-score) assessment.
Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of rosemary leaves inhibited the decrease in Tumor Suppressor p53 expression in the DMBA-treated group. Significant increases in p53 expression were observed at doses of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg BW. One-way ANOVA of the immunohistochemical tests for Arginase-1 and p53 revealed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). The ethanol extract of rosemary leaves demonstrated a potential to inhibit the decrease in Tumor Suppressor p53 expression but did not significantly affect the expression of Arginase-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats induced by p-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA).
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of rosemary leaves could not inhibit the increase in arginase-1 expression and inhibit the decrease in tumor suppressor p53 of hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats induced by p-Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMBA).
Keywords: Tumor Suppressor p53, Arginase-1, DMBA, rosemary leaf